External CounterPulsation (ECP) sequentially compresses the legs from the calves, thighs, buttocks and upper arms, by inflating four sets of foam padded fabric cuffs during diastole
This results in the movement of blood from the legs to the heart and entire upper body.Pressure, up to the range of 300 mmHg, is applied with the timing and duration of each pulse synchronized with the patient's ECG. When triggered, the pressure pulses applied to the legs and buttocks transmit retrograde pressure through the entire vascular system, raising diastolic aortic pressure and increasing coronary perfusion pressure. The compression of the vascular beds in the legs, buttocks and arms also increases venous return increasing cardiac output.
This procedure is carried out in 35 sessions of 1 hour each at a frequency of six days a week, and usually takes 40 days to complete. This is the minimum time protocol to be observed by the External CounterPulsation (ECP) therapist, some patients may require more sittings to maximise their benefits from External CounterPulsation (ECP). The extra numbers of sittings required are decided by the physician depending on the patient's state.
The Benefits
After five years, 64 percent did not need bypass surgery or balloon angioplasty and did not have a major adverse cardiovascular event. This rate is similar to that found in many people who are treated with bypass surgery or angioplasty. A more recent study showed that External CounterPulsation (ECP) procedure relieves angina and improves perfusion (blood flow to the heart) during stress in patients with coronary artery disease. The research was published in the April 1, 2002 issue of the American Journal of Cardiology. Doctors are uncertain exactly how External CounterPulsation (ECP) helps ease angina. The procedure may stimulate the growth of tiny blood vessels in the heart and help bypass blocked blood vessels. This would increase blood flow and oxygen to deprived areas of the heart. External CounterPulsation (ECP) may also improve the function of existing blood vessels..
Increased External CounterPulsation (IECP) unequivocally and significantly increases diastolic and mean pressures and reduces systolic pressure in the central aorta and coronary artery. Coronary artery flow, determined by both Doppler and angiographic techniques, is increased during Increased External CounterPulsation (IECP). The combined effects of systolic unloading and increased coronary perfusion pressure provide evidence that Increased External CounterPulsation (IECP) may serve as a potential mechanical assist device.